The incalculable wealth of Spain’s empire did nothing to alleviate the lot of the population, but rather went to fund the lifestyle of the monarchs and nobility, and to build one grandiose religious or secular building after another. In the Middle Ages, the population of Spain was approximately 14,000,000, but by the 18 th century it had fallen to just under 7,000,000; most of them living in conditions as bad as those of mediaeval times. ( Even as late at the outbreak of the Spanish Civil War in... Sign in to see full entry.